Logs vs Metrics: A Practical Guide for Engineers
Metrics and logs serve complementary purposes in production systems. Metrics provide fast, cheap aggregated data for alerting and trend analysis, showing that something is wrong. Logs offer detailed event records for debugging and auditing, revealing what specifically went wrong. The practical workflow combines both: metrics alert you to problems, dashboards confirm patterns, and logs explain root causes. Start with the four golden signals (latency, traffic, errors, saturation) as metrics, use structured JSON logging strategically at service boundaries and for errors, and connect both with request IDs for effective troubleshooting.