OOP vs. Functional is Dead
Modern programming language classifications based on paradigms like functional or object-oriented are becoming less useful as languages increasingly blend multiple paradigms. Instead, classifying languages by their memory management approach offers a more practical framework. Languages can be categorized as Sovereign (manual memory management), Guardian (ownership/RAII), Custodian (garbage collection), or Accountant (automatic reference counting). This classification impacts performance, safety, and developer experience, providing clearer insights when selecting a language for a specific application domain.