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The OWASP Top 10 is a definitive list of the most critical web application security risks, updated periodically based on real-world data. The 2021 version covers ten major vulnerability categories including broken access control, cryptographic failures, injection attacks, insecure design, security misconfiguration, vulnerable components, authentication failures, software integrity failures, logging failures, and server-side request forgery. Understanding these risks helps developers write secure code, DevOps engineers build secure pipelines, and organizations protect user data and reputation. The guide provides practical examples and prevention strategies for each vulnerability type.