How to fix `Cannot destructure property 'x' of 'y' as it is undefined`

Destructuring properties from undefined or null values throws a TypeError in JavaScript. This commonly occurs with async data in React/Vue components, function parameters without defaults, and API responses. Fix by adding default values to destructuring patterns, using conditional guards before destructuring, handling loading states properly, validating API responses, and considering TypeScript for compile-time safety. Unlike dot notation which silently returns undefined, destructuring fails immediately when the source is missing.