PICO (Perceptual Image Codec) is a learned image codec optimized for the human visual system. It achieves 2.3–3× bitrate savings over AV1, AV2, VVC, ECM, and JPEG-AI, and 20–40% savings over the best learned codec alternatives, based on large-scale subjective user studies. On an iPhone 17 Pro Max, it encodes 12MP images in 230ms and decodes in 150ms — faster than most ML-based codecs on a V100 GPU. The codec also provides cross-platform robustness guarantees, making it practical for real-world deployment.
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