Python's arrow notation (->) in function definitions indicates the expected return type as part of type hints. This optional syntax helps make code more self-documenting and enables static type checkers like mypy to catch type mismatches before runtime. The tutorial covers basic usage with built-in types, complex data structures like dictionaries, and class methods, while explaining that Python itself doesn't enforce these hints but external tools can verify them.

16m read timeFrom realpython.com
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In Short: The -> Notation Indicates a Function’s Return Type in PythonWhat Happens When a Function Returns a Different Type Than Annotated?What Types Can You Use After Python’s -> ?Where Can You Use -> Beyond Functions?What Are the Benefits of Using Return Type Hints?Are There Any Drawbacks to Using Return Type Hints?ConclusionFrequently Asked Questions

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