State machines provide a structured approach to managing complex workflows by defining explicit states, events, and transition rules. This pattern replaces tangled if/else logic with predictable, testable behavior using PHP enums, guards for validation, and actions for side effects. The implementation includes domain events with an outbox pattern to keep decision logic pure while handling side effects reliably. Key benefits include improved clarity, safety from forbidden transitions, better testability, and enhanced observability through logging and documentation generation.
Table of contents
IntroductionWhy State Machines in PHP?Core ConceptsDesign Before You CodeImplementing A Simple State MachineGuards, Actions, and Side EffectsTesting State MachinesState Machines and ObservabilityDocumenting State MachinesConclusion1 Comment
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