Use getter methods instead of instance variables in Ruby objects

Using getter methods instead of instance variables in Ruby classes can lead to clearer error messages and easier debugging. This is especially useful when dealing with typos or uninitialized variables, as Ruby will raise an exception with a clear error message. The use of `attr_reader` and private getters are discussed, alongside examples and scenarios demonstrating their advantages. The post also covers approaches to minimize public methods in Ruby objects and illustrates how to integrate these practices in Rails projects.