Trillions of Web Pages: Where Does Google Store Them?

Explores fundamental data management techniques that enable large-scale systems to handle massive data volumes. Covers data partitioning (vertical and horizontal), database sharding strategies (hash-based, range-based, directory-based), indexing types (B-tree, hash, bitmap, inverted), replication approaches (single-leader, multi-leader, leaderless), caching strategies (cache-aside, write-through, write-behind), and CDN implementation. Discusses scalability challenges including contention and coherence penalties, emphasizing the importance of starting simple and measuring actual bottlenecks before adding complexity.