Trampoline Pattern in javascript

Recursion breaks down complex problems into smaller subproblems, but can be inefficient in terms of performance and memory. Tail recursion, where the recursive call is the final action of the function, can mitigate memory issues. Tail Recursion Optimization (TCO) enables compilers to run these functions in constant stack space. The trampoline pattern allows for TCO in languages without built-in support, transforming recursion into iteration and preventing stack overflow.