Core Web Vitals emerged from Google's 2014-2020 efforts to create open web performance standards, moving away from AMP's walled garden approach. Launched in May 2020, the initiative defined three key metrics: LCP (loading), FID (interactivity), and CLS (visual stability). These metrics became Google Search ranking signals in 2021, incentivizing the entire web ecosystem to optimize. Browser improvements, framework optimizations, and CMS enhancements collectively saved Chrome users over 10,000 years of waiting time in 2023 alone. The metrics continue evolving, with INP replacing FID in 2024 and soft navigation support addressing single-page applications.
Table of contents
Origins and motivation: from AMP to open web metricsDefining Core Web Vitals: three pillars of user experiencePage Experience: Core Web Vitals in Google Search rankingsTooling and Data: Chrome UX Report and performance measurementImpact and Improvements: Making the Web Faster and more stableEvolving Metrics: INP, Soft Navigations, and BeyondAcknowledgments and Contributors2 Comments
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