Tail Call Optimization ♻️and Recursion🔁 in JavaScript

Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself to solve problems but can lead to high memory usage and stack overflow. Tail call optimization (TCO) addresses this by reusing stack frames for the subsequent calls when the recursive call is in the tail position. JavaScript provides partial support for TCO, with ECMAScript 6 introducing proper tail calls (PTC). Techniques like iteration, trampolining, and memoization further help optimize recursive functions. Challenges include handling deep recursion and asynchronous operations. Functional programming libraries such as Ramda offer TCO-optimized functions.