MIT researchers have developed a voxel-based robotic construction system using inchworm-like MILAbots that assemble modular 3D building blocks into large structures. A feasibility study shows the approach could reduce embodied carbon by up to 82% compared to methods like 3D concrete printing and steel framing, while also being competitive in cost and construction time. Three new octet-lattice voxel designs were created for easier robotic assembly, with steel and plywood variants showing the greatest environmental benefits. A team of 20 robots working in parallel can match or surpass existing automation methods. The system is also reversible and incrementally expandable. Next steps include a larger testbed in Bhutan for a planned sustainable city.
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