The Spring Framework uses Inversion of Control (IOC) to manage the control flow and object dependencies through mechanisms like dependency injection. The IOC container in Spring is represented by the Application Context, which manages the lifecycle of beans. Bean Factory and Application Context are two types of IOC containers, with the latter offering extended functionalities. Spring beans have different scopes such as Singleton, Prototype, Request, Session, and Application, each serving distinct use cases. The framework also supports various annotations for configuration and dependency management, and it allows the modularization of concerns via Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP).
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