Explores three fundamental ways to represent graphs in computer programs: edge lists, adjacency matrices, and adjacency lists. Covers how each representation handles directed, undirected, and weighted graphs, analyzing their trade-offs in terms of memory usage and operation efficiency. Edge lists excel for algorithms processing edges sequentially, adjacency matrices provide constant-time edge existence checks but require O(n²) space, while adjacency lists offer the most versatile representation for classic graph algorithms.
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