Refactoring is the act of improving the structure of code without modifying its behavior. It is a continuous practice that simplifies design, improves namings, identifies and removes code smells, and improves testability and maintainability. To become a pro in refactoring, one should practice aggressive refactoring at small scales, master the refactoring hotkeys of their IDE, use mutation testing before refactoring code, turn comments into well-named components, follow the Rule of Three for removing duplication, separate refactoring from changing behavior, and use TDD to make refactoring a core part of development.
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