On December 10, I gave a keynote address at the Q2B 2025 Conference in Silicon Valley. This is a transcript of my remarks. The slides I presented are here. The first century We are nearing the end of the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, so designated to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of…

Quantum Frontiers is a platform dedicated to exploring the frontiers of quantum science and technology. Readers can find articles, interviews, and discussions on topics such as quantum physics, quantum computing, and quantum information theory. Additionally, they can learn about quantum experiments, quantum communication, and interdisciplinary research in quantum science.

Quantum Frontiers

Quantum computing has progressed significantly in its first century, from Heisenberg's 1925 discovery to today's NISQ machines performing thousands of two-qubit gates. Recent advances include verifiable quantum advantage demonstrations, simulations of strongly correlated fermions in 2D systems, and improved fault-tolerant protocols leveraging nonlocal connectivity in ion traps and neutral-atom arrays. Resource estimates for cryptanalytically relevant algorithms have dropped to under 1 million physical qubits. The second quantum century's challenge is understanding highly entangled many-particle systems, requiring scalable fault-tolerant quantum computers capable of billions of gates through quantum error correction.

Quantum computing in the second quantum century