Public key authentication uses cryptographic key pairs to verify identity without transmitting passwords. Learn how it works and where it's used.

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Public key authentication uses asymmetric cryptography with mathematically linked key pairs to verify identity without transmitting passwords. The system works by having clients prove possession of a private key through cryptographic signatures that can be verified with a corresponding public key. This eliminates password-related vulnerabilities like phishing, credential stuffing, and data breaches. The technology underpins modern security systems including HTTPS/TLS, SSH, passkeys, JWT signatures, code signing, and email encryption. Key advantages include strong cryptographic identity verification, non-repudiation, and elimination of shared secrets over networks.

Public Key Authentication: What It Is and How It Works

Security advantages of public key authentication

Core concepts behind public key authentication

How public key authentication works: step-by-step

Where else can public key authentication be used?

Considerations for public key authentication