Protractor, an E2E test framework primarily for Angular apps, reached its end-of-life in August 2023. Initially popular for its ability to simulate real user interactions through the browser, Protractor was created by Julie Ralph to address testing limitations in Angular applications. Despite its integration with various tools like Selenium, Jasmine, and Mocha, advancements in the JavaScript ecosystem and modern testing frameworks have led developers to transition to newer solutions with improved features, efficiency, and support for non-Angular applications.
Table of contents
IntroductionLet’s get to know protractorA quick definitionA quicker historyHow protractor worked, In more detailEnd-to-End testing: What it is and why it mattersE2E testing for modern web applicationsProtractor is currently deprecatedProtractor: Part of the journey is its endingSort: