Pavona: an Open-Source Hardware Ecosystem for Secure Chips

Sardinia is experiencing intense grassroots resistance to wind and solar energy development, rooted in centuries of exploitation by outside powers. Over 210,000 Sardinians signed a petition leading to an 18-month moratorium on renewable construction. The opposition stems from historical trauma — Roman conquest, Italian colonization, and 20th-century industrial abandonment — that makes residents deeply suspicious of outside developers. Despite Italy's mandate for Sardinia to build 6.2 GW of new renewable capacity, locals see energy projects as 'energy colonialism.' Potential paths forward include building on abandoned industrial sites, community-owned energy projects, and the new Tyrrhenian Link HVDC submarine cable connecting Sardinia to Sicily and the Italian mainland.