OWASP Top Ten: 20 years of Application Security

Twenty years of OWASP Top 10 data shows application security fundamentals haven't improved—the same vulnerabilities persist across new technologies. SQL injection evolved into NoSQL injection, GraphQL manipulation, and now prompt injection. Broken access control remains the top issue. Supply chain attacks emerged as a major threat vector with npm packages and CI/CD pipelines becoming targets. While authentication improved with passkeys, authorization still fails consistently. The article provides practical guidance: shift-left security with runtime monitoring, assume dependency compromise, treat authorization like authentication, and understand that every developer is part of the security team. Leaders must invest in training, tooling, and observability rather than just buying security products.