A practical tutorial comparing offset and cursor-based pagination in .NET using Entity Framework Core. Offset pagination is simple but degrades at scale because the database must scan and sort all preceding rows before discarding them. Cursor pagination uses a Base64-encoded cursor (last ID + created_at) in a WHERE clause with a composite index, enabling an index seek instead of a full scan. The tutorial walks through implementing both approaches with a .NET 10 minimal API, seeding 100k rows, and analyzing query execution plans in SQL Server Management Studio to demonstrate the performance difference. Guidance is provided on when to use each: offset for admin panels with random page access and small datasets, cursor for infinite scroll feeds, high-traffic APIs, and real-time data.
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