Hexagonal Architecture, introduced by Alistair Cockburn in 2005, aims to mitigate issues in object-oriented programming through Ports and Adapters. It separates application components into three parts: core (business logic), primary ports and adapters (driving interaction), and secondary ports and adapters (interfacing with external systems). This example demonstrates managing a lyrics storage system using Spring Boot, JPA for persistence, and an H2 in-memory database. The architecture ensures clear separation between business logic and external dependencies, promoting interchangeability and modularity.