Session 14B: Privacy & Cryptography 2  Authors, Creators & Presenters: Yunbo Yang (The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University), Yuejia Cheng (Shanghai DeCareer Consulting Co., Ltd), Kailun Wang (Beijing Jiaotong University), Xiaoguo Li (College of Computer Science, Chongqing University), Jianfei Sun (School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University), Jiachen Shen (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University), Xiaolei Dong (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University), Zhenfu Cao (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University), Guomin Yang (School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University), Robert H. Deng (School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University) PAPER Siniel: Distributed Privacy-Preserving zkSNARK Zero-knowledge Succinct Non-interactive Argument of Knowledge (zkSNARK) is a powerful cryptographic primitive, in which a prover convinces a verifier that a given statement is true without leaking any additional information. However, existing zkSNARKs suffer from high computation overhead in the proof generation. This limits the applications of zkSNARKs, such as private payments, private smart contracts, and anonymous credentials. Private delegation has become a prominent way to accelerate proof generation. In this work, we propose Siniel, an efficient private delegation framework for zkSNARKs constructed from polynomial interactive oracle proof (PIOP) and polynomial commitment scheme (PCS). Our protocol allows a computationally limited prover (a.k.a. delegator) to delegate its expensive prover computation to several workers without leaking any information about the private witness. Most importantly, compared with the recent work EOS (USENIX'23), the state-of-the-art zkSNARK prover delegation framework, a prover in Siniel needs not to engage in the MPC protocol after sending its shares of private witness. This means that a Siniel prover can outsource the entire computation to the workers. We compare Siniel with EOS and show significant performance advantages of the former. The experimental results show that, under low bandwidth conditions (10 mbps), Siniel saves about 16% time for delegators than that of EOS, whereas under high bandwidth conditions (1000 mbps), Siniel saves about 80% than EOS.  ABOUT NDSS The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS) fosters information exchange among researchers and practitioners of network and distributed system security. The target audience includes those interested in practical aspects of network and distributed system security, with a focus on actual system design and implementation. A major goal is to encourage and enable the Internet community to apply, deploy, and advance the state of available security technologies.  Our thanks to the Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium for publishing their Creators, Authors and Presenter’s superb NDSS Symposium 2025 Conference content on the Organizations' YouTube Channel. Permalink

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Siniel is a new distributed privacy-preserving zkSNARK framework presented at NDSS 2025. It addresses the high computation overhead in zkSNARK proof generation by enabling a computationally limited prover to delegate expensive proof computation to multiple workers without revealing the private witness. Unlike the prior state-of-the-art EOS (USENIX'23), Siniel allows the prover to fully outsource computation after sharing its witness, eliminating the need to participate in MPC protocols afterward. Benchmarks show Siniel saves ~16% delegation time under low bandwidth (10 Mbps) and ~80% under high bandwidth (1000 Mbps) compared to EOS.

NDSS 2025 – Siniel: Distributed Privacy-Preserving zkSNARK