The Mechanical Turk was a chess-playing AI constructed in 1770. For 84 years, the machine toured and beat most human opponents. It could also do tricks like the knight’s tour (moving a knight to land on every chessboard square exactly once). It was originally made to impress the Empress of Austria. It supposedly defeated Napoleon and Benjamin Franklin in chess games.

But the Mechanical Turk wasn’t actually an AI — it was just a machine that cleverly concealed a human inside. The interior was in

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The Mechanical Turk was a chess-playing AI constructed in 1770 that cleverly concealed a human operator inside. In 2005, Amazon launched its own version of the Mechanical Turk called Amazon Mechanical Turk.

Mechanical Turks