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OAuth 2.0 was created to eliminate the insecure practice of sharing passwords with third-party apps. The Authorization Code Grant flow involves five key steps: the frontend redirects the user to the Authorization Server with a client_id, redirect_uri, scopes, and state; the user approves on a consent screen; the Auth Server returns a one-time authorization code; the backend exchanges that code (plus client_secret and code_verifier) for Access, ID, and Refresh tokens via a server-to-server POST; and finally the backend validates token signatures, audience, and issuer before creating or updating the user session. The difference between OAuth (authorization) and OIDC (authentication via ID Token) is also explained, along with the roles of Resource Owner, Client, Authorization Server, and Resource Server.

OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code Flow Architecture

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