Kubernetes ensures each pod can communicate with any other pod in the cluster without Network Address Translation (NAT). This communication relies on CNI plugins like Kindnet to establish routing rules between nodes. Pods operate within isolated network namespaces connected to the host network via virtual Ethernet pairs. Intra-node communication happens at Layer 2, while inter-node communication is routed through physical interfaces using static routes. Each pod gets a unique IP address from a range allocated to its node, enabling direct communication within the cluster.
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