Kotlin vs Java: the 12 differences you should know

Kotlin and Java have several key differences, including null safety, extension functions, code brevity, coroutines support, data classes, smart casts, checked exceptions, functional programming, primitive types, public fields, wildcard types, and implicit conversions. Kotlin is considered better for Android development due to its concise syntax, null safety, coroutines, and compatibility with Java's libraries. However, Java has a larger ecosystem and more mature tools. The debate over which language is better is subjective and depends on project needs. Kotlin is emerging as the new Android language, but Java is still a valuable language and is unlikely to be completely replaced.