Apparently Apple thinks nobody with a modern Mac uses spinning rust (hard drives with platters) anymore.
I plugged in a hard drive from an old iMac into my Mac Studio using my Sabrent USB to SATA Hard Drive enclosure, and opened up Disk Utility, clicked on the top-level disk in the sidebar, and clicked 'Erase'.



Lo and behold, there's no 'Security Options' button on there, as there had been since—I believe—the very first version of Disk Utility in Mac OS X!

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Apple removed the 'Security Options' button from Disk Utility in macOS Sequoia/Tahoe, making it impossible to perform a secure erase of spinning hard drives through the GUI. The workaround is to use the Terminal command `diskutil secureErase` with an integer option (0–4) specifying the erase method, ranging from a single zero-fill pass to a 35-pass Gutmann algorithm. The post walks through identifying the correct disk with `diskutil list` and running the secure erase command, with a note that multi-pass erases can take an extremely long time on large or older drives.

How to Securely Erase an old Hard Drive on macOS Tahoe