How to Scale Like a Senior Engineer (Servers, DBs, LBs, SPOFs)
Scaling systems is about solving problems incrementally, not jumping to complex solutions. Start with understanding single server limitations, identify bottlenecks (CPU, memory, disk I/O), then make informed decisions about vertical vs horizontal scaling. Database optimization is often the real bottleneck, not application servers. Load balancers require careful algorithm selection and configuration. Even redundant architectures have single points of failure that need identification and mitigation. The key is adding complexity only when necessary and understanding the tradeoffs at each step.
