Memory leaks in JavaScript PDF viewers stem from improper cleanup of objects, event listeners, and rendering resources, especially with large documents or in single-page applications. Detect leaks using Chrome DevTools heap snapshots, Firefox profiler, or manual testing by monitoring memory during repeated document loads. Common issues include browser crashes, heap overflows from accumulated rendering data, unreleased memory in SPAs, and performance degradation. Prevention requires proper resource disposal, removing event listeners, avoiding retained references, enabling virtualization for large files, and regular memory profiling. Best practices include using WeakMap for caching, clearing timers, scoping variables locally, and always calling unload or destroy methods when switching documents.
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