How Microfrontends Work: From iframes to Module Federation

Microfrontends enable teams to build and deploy frontend applications independently at scale, moving from monolithic UIs to decoupled codebases. Traditional approaches include server-side composition, iframes, and build-time integration through packages. Module Federation represents the modern solution, allowing runtime integration of remote UI components while sharing dependencies for optimal performance. The article compares different microfrontend patterns, highlighting Module Federation's advantages in independent deployments and performance, while acknowledging setup complexity and operational challenges like cross-domain issues and styling conflicts.