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In this video we learn how CPUs execute functions.

Core Dumped

CPUs execute functions through two main approaches: function inlining (copying code directly into the caller) and function outlining (jumping to code stored elsewhere). Function outlining requires a stack to track return addresses, allowing functions to return to the correct location after execution. Modern CPUs provide dedicated stack pointer registers and call/return instructions to optimize this process. The choice between inlining and outlining depends on factors like function size, call frequency, and cache behavior. Inlining reduces instruction overhead but increases binary size, while outlining saves space but adds performance overhead. Recursion requires outlining since the number of calls is unknown at compile time.

How CPU's Run Functions