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A Brookings Institution study examining AI use in K-12 education across 50 countries finds that current risks outweigh benefits. While AI can assist with language learning, writing support, and teacher task automation, it poses serious threats to cognitive development through over-reliance, creates potential equity gaps between well-funded and under-resourced schools, and undermines social-emotional growth through sycophantic chatbot interactions. The report recommends less transactional schooling, more challenging AI design, collaborative tech-educator development hubs, comprehensive AI literacy programs, and government regulation to protect student development and privacy.