Quantum computing has moved from theory to real systems with narrow product-market fit in optimization, simulation, and cryptography. However, scaling from early successes to mature products requires clearing three gates: technical validity, productization, and market scalability. The bottleneck has shifted from physics to systems engineering challenges like error correction overhead, control architecture, and operational reliability. Effective product management in quantum requires understanding technical constraints, differentiating signal from noise, sequencing decisions honestly, and translating between research milestones and customer value without overpromising maturity.
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