A new preprint shows GPT-5.2 proposing a new formula for a gluon amplitude, later formally proved and verified by OpenAI and academic collaborators.

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GPT-5.2 discovered a new theoretical physics result by identifying a formula for gluon scattering amplitudes that physicists previously assumed to be zero. The AI simplified complex hand-calculated expressions, spotted a pattern, and proposed a general formula that was later formally proved by another AI model and verified by academic collaborators. This work demonstrates AI's capability to generate novel scientific insights in theoretical physics, specifically showing that single-minus gluon tree amplitudes are nonzero under specific half-collinear momentum conditions.

GPT‑5.2 derives a new result in theoretical physics