GraphQL API Vulnerabilities, Common Attacks & Security Tips

GraphQL APIs face unique security challenges beyond traditional REST vulnerabilities. Common attack vectors include denial of service through deeply nested queries, authentication bypasses via operation name manipulation, and batched query abuse for brute force attacks. The article covers essential pentesting methodology including schema discovery through introspection, tools like Clairvoyance and InQL for enumeration, and exploitation techniques for vulnerabilities like stored XSS, path traversal, and remote command execution. Security recommendations include disabling introspection in production, implementing query depth limits, validating user input with whitelists, and restricting batched queries on sensitive operations.