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npm supply chain attacks have evolved from simple typosquatting to sophisticated credential-driven intrusions targeting maintainers and CI/CD pipelines. Attackers now compromise legitimate packages through phishing campaigns, steal publish tokens, and deploy malware through trusted channels. Modern attacks activate inside CI environments using post-install scripts, employ advanced evasion techniques like Unicode obfuscation and blockchain-hosted C2, and can self-propagate across repositories. Security teams need runtime analysis, aggressive token rotation, CI runner hardening, and dependency pinning to mitigate these threats, as traditional code scanning cannot detect pre-install phase attacks.

From typos to takeovers: Inside the industrialization of npm supply chain attacks