An introduction to Temporal's core primitives and design patterns for building reliable distributed applications. Covers activities (fault-tolerant function calls with automatic retries), workflows (durable orchestration that survives crashes), timers (durable sleep/scheduling), and signals/await (external event handling). Then explores three real-world design patterns: time-boxed approval (waiting for a signal within a deadline), resumable activity (pausing on permanent failure to accept corrected input via signal), and the saga pattern (compensating transactions to roll back completed steps when a later step fails). Temporal's durable execution model is explained through event history replay, showing how workflows resume from the exact point of failure without repeating completed steps.
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