Four tricky JavaScript concepts in one line of code

A colleague asked me to explain a line of code he found on Stack Overflow. It was a good example of four mid to advanced concepts in JavaScript. Here are four ways to use these concepts in your code. The code in question is this line:const result = (({ a, c }) => ({ a , c }))({ a : 1, b : 2, c : 3 , d : 4 });