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First Contentful Paint (FCP) measures how long users wait before seeing any content on a page. Google considers under 1.8 seconds good, 1.8-3.0 seconds needs improvement, and over 3.0 seconds poor. FCP affects user perception, bounce rates, and SEO rankings. To improve it: speed up server response times, reduce render-blocking CSS and JavaScript, enable compression, use a CDN, and optimize web fonts. Common mistakes include ignoring Time to First Byte, loading excessive CSS, using CSS @import statements, and relying solely on Lighthouse scores instead of real user monitoring.