Everything is a Transaction: Unifying Logical Concurrency Control and Physical Data Structure Maintenance in Database Management Systems

The Deferred Action Framework (DAF) introduces a method to unify transaction control and data structure maintenance in MVCC database systems. It schedules maintenance tasks like garbage collection and index cleanup to execute only when they won't interfere with active transactions, ensuring more efficient database performance. Implemented in NoisePage, DAF utilizes timestamp-based ordering and multi-threaded processing for high concurrency, allowing for complex maintenance operations without sacrificing performance or memory safety.