Object-oriented programming (OOP) is built on four pillars: abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Abstraction hides the complexity by only showcasing the essential features, encapsulation wraps data and methods in a class with restricted access, inheritance allows new classes to inherit attributes and methods from existing classes to promote code reuse, and polymorphism enables methods to behave differently based on the object they are invoked on.
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