The entanglement area law is a universal principle that characterizes quantum many-body phases and underpins tensor network algorithms. Traditionally, its validity has been limited to systems with short-range interactions and bounded local energy. Achieving a complete generalization that removes both of these constraints has been a longstanding goal in quantum many-body theory, especially for interacting boson systems where unbounded energy presents intrinsic difficulties. In this work, we rigorously prove the area law for one-dimensional interacting boson systems with long-range interactions, covering broad models including the Bose-Hubbard and ϕ4 classes. Furthermore, we establish an efficiency guarantee for Matrix-Product-State approximations of the ground states, offering a practical route to numerical simulation. One of our main technical contributions is a general method for Hilbert space dimension reduction, whose applicability extends to arbitrary spatial dimensions. These results address two major challenges simultaneously and provide important foundations for simulating long-range cold atomic systems. Entanglement area law has been established in systems with short range interactions and bounded local energy. Here the authors extend the proof to 1D bosonic systems with long-range interactions and unbounded local energy and outline implications for matrix product state approximations of the ground states.

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Nature

A rigorous proof of the entanglement area law is established for one-dimensional interacting boson systems with long-range interactions and unbounded local energy, covering models including the Bose-Hubbard and ϕ4 classes. The work also provides efficiency guarantees for Matrix-Product-State (MPS) approximations of ground states, enabling practical numerical simulation. A key technical contribution is a general Hilbert space dimension reduction method applicable to arbitrary spatial dimensions, addressing two major open challenges in quantum many-body theory simultaneously.

Entanglement area law in interacting bosons from the Bose-Hubbard model to ϕ4 theory and beyond