Java continues to be a popular choice for mobile and desktop app development due to its GUI frameworks. Among the most notable are Java Swing, JavaFX, and Vaadin Flow. Java Swing, part of the JDK, is now considered legacy technology. JavaFX, a more advanced and standalone library, offers modern UI/UX features but has a steep learning curve. Vaadin Flow is a full-stack framework that allows developers to write UI code entirely in Java, making it easier to unify back-end and front-end development with built-in security features. The post also briefly discusses other frameworks like AWT, SWT, Apache Wicket, and Jetpack Compose.
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