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Reactive programming with Project Reactor addresses thread-blocking bottlenecks in high-throughput JVM applications. Using Spring WebFlux and Reactive MongoDB, a non-blocking streaming endpoint is built step by step: a reactive repository returning Flux, a service layer with explicit backpressure via onBackpressureLatest(), and a Server-Sent Events controller endpoint. Key concepts covered include why blocking (especially .block()) destroys reactive scalability, how event-loop threads handle thousands of concurrent connections efficiently, error handling with retries and backoff, and testing reactive streams with StepVerifier. The post emphasizes that reactive design is a paradigm shift in modeling waiting and demand, not just a return-type swap.

Building Reactive Data Streams with Project Reactor

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