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Traits in PHP 5.4+ provide pure code reuse without inheritance constraints, making abstract classes obsolete. While abstract classes conflate interface reuse and code reuse, traits cleanly separate these concerns by offering compile-time code sharing without runtime implications. By combining interfaces (which define behavior contracts) with traits (which provide implementation), developers gain more flexibility than abstract classes allow. The PSR-3 logging example demonstrates how a trait can replace an abstract base class, eliminating single-inheritance limitations while maintaining the same DRY benefits. This separation encourages better mental distinction between interface contracts and implementation details.

Beyond Abstract classes

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