This is a quick tldr there are many other situations and options you could consider

FIO man page
IOP/s = Input or Output operations per second
Throughput = How many MB/s can you read/write continuously

Variables worth tuning based on your situation

--iodepth

The iodepth is very dependant on your hardware.


Rotational drives without much cache and high latency (i.e. desktop SATA drives) will not benefit from a large iodepth, Values between 16 to 64 could be sensible.

Sam McLeod

A quick reference guide for benchmarking disk I/O using FIO on Linux. Covers key concepts like IOPS vs throughput, tuning parameters such as iodepth (16-64 for rotational drives, 256-4096 for NVMe) and block size (small for documents/logs, large for videos/backups), and provides ready-to-run FIO commands for random read/write IOPS tests and sequential read/write throughput tests. Also includes ioping for simple latency checks.

Benchmarking IO with FIO

Variables worth tuning based on your situation #