Kernel-level compromise through unlocked bootloaders can bypass Android's user-space security protections like SELinux and Rust memory safety. Research using APatch demonstrates how kernel patch modules can intercept system calls, hide device compromise from detection systems, and manipulate hardware data streams including camera feeds and GPS sensors. The findings show that user-space protections are ineffective when the kernel is compromised, making locked bootloaders essential for high-security applications like banking and government services.
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