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Grace Hopper was a Navy Rear Admiral and programming pioneer who fundamentally changed how humans interact with computers. She created the first functional compiler (A-0 System) in 1952, proving that programs could be translated from human-readable instructions into machine code. She drove the creation of COBOL to make programming accessible using English words instead of symbols, and popularized the term "bug" after finding a literal moth in the Harvard Mark II. Her philosophy centered on making software human-centered and readable rather than machine-focused, laying the foundation for modern high-level programming languages.